Python JSON
Python JSON
JSON 是用于存储和交换数据的语法。
JSON 是用 JavaScript 对象表示法(JavaScript object notation)编写的文本。
Python 中的 JSON
Python 有一个名为 json
的内置包,可用于处理 JSON 数据。
示例代码:
导入 json
模块:
import json
解析 JSON - 把 JSON 转换为 Python
若有 JSON 字符串,则可以使用 json.loads()
方法对其进行解析。
结果将是 Python 字典。
示例代码:
把 JSON 转换为 Python:
import json
# 一些 JSON:
x = '{ "name":"Bill", "age":63, "city":"Seatle"}'
# 解析 x:
y = json.loads(x)
# 结果是 Python 字典:
print(y["age"])
完整实例:
import json
# some JSON:
x = '{ "name":"Bill", "age":63, "city":"Seatle"}'
# parse x:
y = json.loads(x)
# the result is a Python dictionary:
print(y["age"])
把 Python 转换为 JSON
若有 Python 对象,则可以使用 json.dumps()
方法将其转换为 JSON 字符串。
示例代码:
把 Python 转换为 JSON:
import json
# Python 对象(字典):
x = {
"name": "Bill",
"age": 63,
"city": "Seatle"
}
# 转换为 JSON:
y = json.dumps(x)
# 结果是 JSON 字符串:
print(y)
完整实例:
import json
# a Python object (dict):
x = {
"name": "Bill",
"age": 63,
"city": "Seatle"
}
# convert into JSON:
y = json.dumps(x)
# the result is a JSON string:
print(y)
您可以把以下类型的 Python 对象转换为 JSON 字符串:
- dict
- list
- tuple
- string
- int
- float
- True
- False
- None
示例代码:
将 Python 对象转换为 JSON 字符串,并打印值:
import json
print(json.dumps({"name": "Bill", "age": 63}))
print(json.dumps(["apple", "bananas"]))
print(json.dumps(("apple", "bananas")))
print(json.dumps("hello"))
print(json.dumps(42))
print(json.dumps(31.76))
print(json.dumps(True))
print(json.dumps(False))
print(json.dumps(None))
完整实例:
import json
print(json.dumps({"name": "Bill", "age": 63}))
print(json.dumps(["apple", "bananas"]))
print(json.dumps(("apple", "bananas")))
print(json.dumps("hello"))
print(json.dumps(42))
print(json.dumps(31.76))
print(json.dumps(True))
print(json.dumps(False))
print(json.dumps(None))
当 Python 转换为 JSON 时,Python 对象会被转换为 JSON(JavaScript)等效项:
Python | JSON |
dict | Object |
list | Array |
tuple | Array |
str | String |
int | Number |
float | Number |
True | true |
False | false |
None | null |
示例代码:
转换包含所有合法数据类型的 Python 对象:
import json
x = {
"name": "Bill",
"age": 63,
"married": True,
"divorced": False,
"children": ("Jennifer","Rory","Phoebe"),
"pets": None,
"cars": [
{"model": "Porsche", "mpg": 38.2},
{"model": "BMW M5", "mpg": 26.9}
]
}
print(json.dumps(x))
完整实例:
import json
x = {
"name": "Bill",
"age": 63,
"married": True,
"divorced": False,
"children": ("Jennifer","Rory","Phoebe"),
"pets": None,
"cars": [
{"model": "Porsche", "mpg": 38.2},
{"model": "BMW M5", "mpg": 26.9}
]
}
print(json.dumps(x))
格式化结果
上面的实例打印一个 JSON 字符串,但它不是很容易阅读,没有缩进和换行。
json.dumps()
方法提供了令结果更易读的参数:
示例代码:
使用 indent
参数定义缩进数:
json.dumps(x, indent=4)
完整实例:
import json
x = {
"name": "Bill",
"age": 63,
"married": True,
"divorced": False,
"children": ("Jennifer","Rory","Phoebe"),
"pets": None,
"cars": [
{"model": "Porsche", "mpg": 38.2},
{"model": "BMW M5", "mpg": 26.9}
]
}
# use four indents to make it easier to read the result:
print(json.dumps(x, indent=4))
您还可以定义分隔符,默认值为(", ", ": "),这意味着使用逗号和空格分隔每个对象,使用冒号和空格将键与值分开:
示例代码:
使用 separators
参数来更改默认分隔符:
json.dumps(x, indent=4, separators=(". ", " = "))
完整实例:
import json
x = {
"name": "Bill",
"age": 63,
"married": True,
"divorced": False,
"children": ("Jennifer","Rory","Phoebe"),
"pets": None,
"cars": [
{"model": "Porsche", "mpg": 38.2},
{"model": "BMW M5", "mpg": 26.9}
]
}
# use . and a space to separate objects, and a space, a = and a space to separate keys from their values:
print(json.dumps(x, indent=4, separators=(". ", " = ")))
对结果排序
json.dumps()
方法提供了对结果中的键进行排序的参数:
示例代码:
使用 sort_keys
参数来指定是否应对结果进行排序:
json.dumps(x, indent=4, sort_keys=True)
完整实例:
import json
x = {
"name": "Bill",
"age": 63,
"married": True,
"divorced": False,
"children": ("Jennifer","Rory","Phoebe"),
"pets": None,
"cars": [
{"model": "Porsche", "mpg": 38.2},
{"model": "BMW M5", "mpg": 26.9}
]
}
# sort the result alphabetically by keys:
print(json.dumps(x, indent=4, sort_keys=True))