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HTML5 浏览器支持

HTML5基础 2022-05-19 17:02:07小码哥的IT人生shichen

HTML5 浏览器支持

您可以帮助老版本浏览器处理 HTML5。

HTML5 浏览器支持

所有现代浏览器都支持 HTML5。

此外,所有浏览器,不论新旧,都会自动把未识别元素当做行内元素来处理。

正因如此,您可以帮助老式浏览器处理”未知的“ HTML 元素。

注释:您甚至可以教授石器时代的 IE6 如何处理未知的 HTML 元素。

把 HTML5 元素定义为块级元素

HTML5 定义了八个新的语义 HTML 元素。所有都是块级元素。

您可以把 CSS display 属性设置为 block,以确保老式浏览器中正确的行为:

示例代码:

header, section, footer, aside, nav, main, article, figure { display: block; }

向 HTML 添加新元素

您可以通过浏览器 trick 向 HTML 添加任何新元素:

本例向 HTML 添加了一个名为 <myHero> 的新元素,并为其定义 display 样式:

示例代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Creating an HTML Element</title>
  <script>document.createElement("myHero")</script>
  <style>
  myHero {
    display: block;
    background-color: #ddd;
    padding: 50px;
    font-size: 30px;
  }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
<myHero>My First Hero</myHero>
</body>
</html>

 

完整实例【亲自试一试】:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Styling the article element</title>
  <script>document.createElement("myHero")</script>
  <style>
      myHero {
        display:block;
        background-color:#ddd;
        padding: 50px;
        font-size: 30px;
      }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
<myHero>My First Hero</myHero>
</body>
</html>

可以使用本站在线JavaScript测试工具测试上述代码运行效果:http://www.phpcodeweb.com/runjs.html

已添加的 JavaScript 语句 document.createElement("myHero"),仅适用于 IE。

Internet Explorer 的问题

上述方案可用于所有新的 HTML5 元素,但是:

注意:Internet Explorer 8 以及更早的版本,不允许对未知元素添加样式。

幸运的是,Sjoerd Visscher 创造了 "HTML5 Enabling JavaScript", "the shiv"

<!--[if lt IE 9]>
  <script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->

以上代码是一段注释,但是 IE9 的早期版本会读取它(并理解它)。

完整的 Shiv 解决方案

示例代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Styling HTML5</title>
  <!--[if lt IE 9]>
  <script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
  <![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Article</h1>
<article>
London is the capital city of England.
It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
</article>
</body>
</html>

 

完整实例【亲自试一试】:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Styling HTML5</title>
  <!--[if lt IE 9]>
  <script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js">
  </script>
  <![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<h1>My First Article</h1>
<article>
London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom, with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
</article>
</body>
</html>

可以使用本站在线JavaScript测试工具测试上述代码运行效果:http://www.phpcodeweb.com/runjs.html

引用 shiv 代码的链接必须位于 <head> 元素中,因为 Internet Explorer 需要在读取之前认识所有新元素。

HTML5 Skeleton

示例代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>HTML5 Skeleton</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js">
</script>
<![endif]-->
<style>
body {font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size:0.8em;}
header,nav, section,article,footer
{border:1px solid grey; margin:5px; padding:8px;}
nav ul {margin:0; padding:0;}
nav ul li {display:inline; margin:5px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
  <h1>HTML5 SKeleton</h1>
</header>
<nav>
<ul>
  <li><a href="html5_semantic_elements.asp">HTML5 Semantic</a></li>
  <li><a href="html5_geolocation.asp">HTML5 Geolocation</a></li>
  <li><a href="html5_canvas.asp">HTML5 Graphics</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<section>
<h1>Famous Cities</h1>
<article>
<h2>London</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h2>Paris</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h2>Tokyo</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</article>
</section>
<footer>
<p>© 2016 phpcodeweb. All rights reserved.</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>

 

完整实例【亲自试一试】:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>HTML5</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js">
</script>
<![endif]-->
<style>
body {font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size:0.8em;}
header, nav, section, article, footer
{border:1px solid grey; margin:5px; padding:8px;}
nav ul {margin:0; padding:0;}
nav ul li {display:inline; margin:5px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>HTML5 Skeleton</h1>
</header>
<nav>
<ul>
  <li><a href="html5_semantic_elements.asp">HTML5 Semantic</a></li>
  <li><a href="html5_geolocation.asp">HTML5 Geolocation</a></li>
  <li><a href="html5_canvas.asp">HTML5 Graphics</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<section>
<h2>Famous Cities</h2>
<article>
<h2>London</h2>
<p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h2>Paris</h2>
<p>Paris is the capital and most populous city of France.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h2>Tokyo</h2>
<p>Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area,
and the most populous metropolitan area in the world.</p>
</article>
</section>
<footer>
<p>© 2014 phpcodewebs. All rights reserved.</p>
</footer>
</body>
</html>

可以使用本站在线JavaScript测试工具测试上述代码运行效果:http://www.phpcodeweb.com/runjs.html

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